Numer 2022/3
Multicultural policy in Europe; Work-life balance concept and Artificial intelligence vs. human; Euroscepticism on the Polish political scene
Redaktorzy: Marta Witkowska, Wojciech Lewandowski, Kamil Ławniczak, Elena Kucheryavaya
Spis treści
Strony
Pobierz
Javid Asadov
The essence and specificity of the state multiculturalism policy
DOI: 10.31338/1641-2478pe.3.22.1
9 – 21
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Słowa kluczowe

multiculturalism |Europe |Canada |tolerance |pluralism |public policy |identity |Australia

Streszczenie

The main aim of this article is to examine multiculturalism as a specific policy of multi-ethnic states, and its essence and specificity. Multiculturalism can be considered as a policy aimed at preserving and developing cultural diversity in a particular state, as well as a theory or ideology justifying such policy. In the essence of multiculturalism lies the idea of the peaceful coexistence of different groups – ethnic, racial, religious, cultural, and other – within one state. The present study addresses the following research question: how multiculturalism obligations have been considered by states policy? In the course of the research, the answer to this question was achieved by analysing what multiculturalism is, and then – examining several theoretical approaches to this policy. As a result, the author concluded that multiculturalism can be a component of state policy only in states where the government actively promotes and protects the rights and interests of various cultural groups.


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Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie

Marian Gorynia,
Piotr Trąpczyński
Evolution of globalisation and firm internationalisation under crisis conditions - the perspective of Polish exporters amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021
DOI: 10.31338/1641-2478pe.3.22.2
25 – 40
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Słowa kluczowe

economic crisis |Covid-19 pandemic |exporters |firm internationalisation |crisis resilience

Streszczenie

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered an economic crisis of a global nature, which – among its many consequences – had a significant impact on international economic activity carried out in various forms. Thus, the processes of globalisation, which on the one hand allow diversification of international activities of the enterprise, at the same time contribute to the transmission of economic shocks. The authors attempt to provide an initial answer to the research question of how Polish firms conducting export activities with various degrees of advancement perceive the impact of the pandemic crisis, as well as their reactions to this crisis. The article presents the results of quantitative research conducted in June 2022 among 120 Polish companies from the manufacturing sector.


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Marian Gorynia
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu


Piotr Trąpczyński
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu

Miłosz Gapsa
Monitoring the implementation and resolving disputes under the Brexit Withdrawal Agreement
DOI: 10.31338/1641-2478pe.3.22.3
41 – 53
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Słowa kluczowe

Brexit |monitoring |Withdrawal Agreement |disputes

Streszczenie

The aim of this article is analysis of how the Agreement on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union governs the mechanisms for monitoring its implementation and resolving disputes. All solutions are based on the international principle of good faith, which obliges the parties of the Agreement to apply it fully. Constant contact between them is ensured by the Joint Committee together with the Special Committees. Any dispute between the parties can only be solved based on the solutions contained in the Agreement, through international arbitration by an arbitration panel. Furthermore, of interest are the provisions governing the specific extension of the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the practice of the parties to date.


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Uniwersytet Łódzki

Izabela Oleksiewicz
Artificial intelligence versus human - a threat or a necessity of evolution?
DOI: 10.31338/1641-2478pe.3.22.4
55 – 69
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Słowa kluczowe

artificial intelligence |European Union |human |threat |development

Streszczenie

Currently, technologies are actively shaping and intensifying the time of implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, while at the same time the so-called soft skills that employers are looking for in future employees are becoming increasingly important. Thus, in today's situation, we have the possibility to use automatons and robots that successfully replace humans in many tasks, while at the same time there is a need to create teams based on such qualities as empathy, communication, ingenuity, intelligence and, above all, humanism, whose importance in creating a business perspective cannot be overestimated. The aim of this article is to analyse the research problem in case of social robots and the probable legal status of artificial intelligence in the future. The article will discuss the differences between artificial intelligence versus artificial consciousness. AI poses societal challenges, it is currently undergoing a number of important developments, and the law must be rapidly changed. Firstly, the difference between artificial intelligence and artificial consciousness is attempted to be demystified. Subsequently, the analysis of current legal status of Artificial Intelligence in EU will be conducted. Cyberspace and the Internet revolutionised human life. It brings benefits, but also hitherto unknown risks. However, this is an inherent problem of human development. Every new technology, every new invention has its advantages, but also disadvantages. It would seem that autonomous systems, using artificial intelligence, are a panacea for such problems. Perhaps so, but the security of cyberspace depends on a variety of factors that are sometimes beyond our control or, from another perspective, we ourselves create the threat, inspire it intentionally or through inadequacies, ignorance, and negligence.


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Politechnika Rzeszowska im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza

Jowita Świerczyńska
The cross-border crime and security of the movement of goods in the European Union – the role of the Border Guard of the Republic of Poland
DOI: 10.31338/1641-2478pe.3.22.5
71 – 85
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Słowa kluczowe

security |cross-border movement of goods |border guard |external border |cross-border crime |European Union

Streszczenie

Issues related to broadly understood border security are discussed by the EU institutions and Member States, as well as attracting interest from various academic communities. The discussion has multiple dimensions. Regarding the cross-border movement of goods, the role of the security guardian is most frequently attributed to customs authorities, often without acknowledging the importance of another border service, i.e. the border guard. Therefore, the article’s aim is to analyse the role of the Border Guard of the Republic of Poland in the process of ensuring the security of the cross-border movement of goods in the European Union and actions to combat cross-border economic crime in the context of movement of people. This article is divided in introduction, two parts presenting the research results, and conclusions. The first part describes the essence of security and threats in the cross-border movement of goods in the context of cross-border movement of people, the second one refers to the role of the Border Guard of the Republic of Poland as the guardian of the security of the European Union’s external border. The conclusion presents recommendations for maintaining a high level of protection and border surveillance in the cross-border movement of goods. This article is theoretical, with elements of comparative analysis.


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Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie

Klaudia Cymer
The rise of Euroscepticism on the political scene in Poland – the case of the party Law and Justice
DOI: 10.31338/1641-2478pe.3.22.6
89 – 98
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Słowa kluczowe

Poland |European Union |Euroscepticism |political scene |Law and Justice |ruling coalition

Streszczenie

The aim of this article is to analyse the growing phenomenon of Euroscepticism on the political scene in Poland, taking into account the power of the ruling coalition headed by the Law and Justice party. For this purpose, after a brief discussion on the theoretical framework of Euroscepticism, in order to find the reasons for the rise of this phenomenon in Poland in recent years, the current context of the government's relationship with the European Union (EU) is analysed. Consequently, by analysing the political programmes of the Law and Justice party and statements of political actors associated with the main ruling party in Poland, the author verifies the upward trend in unfavourable attitudes towards the EU by current government, as well as consistently appearing considerations of leaving the EU (“Polexit”).


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Università degli Studi di Firenze, Włochy

Grażyna Spytek-Bandurska
Assessment of legal solutions to facilitate work-life balance in the public services sector
DOI: 10.31338/1641-2478pe.3.22.7
99 – 111
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Słowa kluczowe

labour law |professional and private life |work-life balance concept |employee |employer |public services sector

Streszczenie

The aim of this study is to present chosen aspects of assessing legal solutions facilitating reconciliation of work and private life for employees of the public services sector, based on empirical research conducted in five European countries. The research purpose was to indicate the role of labour law regulations in shaping the work-life balance and to determine the ways of their implementation, their usefulness and the needs that emerge in the changing socio-economic reality, as evidenced by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The need to isolate people quickly popularised remote (online) work and the possibility of staying at home, which possibly had a positive impact on private matters. However, the general situation is different. Hence, the hypothesis was adopted that despite the variety of solutions, they are insufficiently used in the public services sector. Although there are noticeable facilitations in combining professional and family duties, they still have too little impact on the attractiveness of work and are not of an innovative nature. The specificity of the public services sector makes it difficult to freely choose solutions that increase the flexibility of employment and thus the activity of working parents, especially women on the labour market.


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Uniwersytet Warszawski

Justyna Marzec
Early warning mechanisms for global crises in non-governmental organisations
DOI: 10.31338/1641-2478pe.3.22.8
113 – 121
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Słowa kluczowe

early warning |conflicts |crisis |international non-governmental organisations |the International Crisis Group |forecasting in international relations

Streszczenie

The aim of this article is to analyse the use of the early warning mechanism in non-governmental organisations on the example of the International Crisis Group, which is a leading entity in respect of that matter. For the purposes of the study, the author verifies the hypothesis that the mechanisms developed in the International Crisis Group are effective, and the forecasts are useful for the needs of decision-makers. It is supported by the fact that non-governmental organisations shape desired attitudes and decisions taken by the international community regarding the prevention and resolution of conflicts. Several questions were posed in this research: (1) what is the nature of early warning mechanisms? (2) what distinguishes early warning systems in international organizations? (3) what is the effectiveness of early warning mechanisms? (4) how is the International Crisis Group's early warning mechanism used? The case study method was used to verify the research hypothesis, while the main technique is the analysis of the state of the scholar literature and the content of appropriate documents.


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Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie

Anna Pacześniak
Vivisection of Britishness, or how Brexit happened - book review: Łukasz Danel (2022), Zrozumieć Brexit. Przyczyny wystąpienia Zjednoczonego Królestwa i Irlandii Północnej z Unii Europejskiej
125 – 128
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Uniwersytet Wrocławski

Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych
ICI Journals Master List 2019: 100 p.
ISSN 1641-2478
Uniwersytet Warszawski
MEiN: 70 p.
e-ISSN 2657-6023