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Accessibility in today's reality is becoming an increasingly important issue as it affects every individual. We are observing the progressive ageing of the Polish population. By applying the principles of universal design, all needs related to mobility, vision, hearing, and other issues are met, thereby creating inclusive spaces that eliminate social exclusion and enhance the quality of life. This article aims to demonstrate the usefulness of BIM in building urban accessibility. For this purpose, a point cloud acquired from laser scanning of a single-family building was utilised. Based on this, a digital BIM model of the actual building was created in Revit and subsequently modernised. This modernisation aimed to remove barriers from the building, as stipulated in the relevant regulation. The paper refers to the theory of ageing in place, a response to the steady increase in average age. The BIM model is not merely a geometric representation of the building, but a digital reconstruction of the object using elements equivalent to those used in reality, allowing for efficient data management.

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The article addresses issues of ensuring housing safety. The aim of this work is to summarise the tasks set by the state for seismic risk reduction in Yerevan and to identify their reflection in the process of increasing the seismic resistance of standard residential buildings. The work includes: summarising the seismic risks of the territory of the Republic of Armenia and Yerevan; discussing the current situation of housing development in Yerevan, types of buildings, and possible reconstruction options; analysing the tasks set within the framework of increasing the seismic resistance of residential buildings built during the Soviet era in Yerevan; raising questions about the shortcomings of state policy; and revealing the contradiction between the measures taken in management and the principle of “priority of preparedness over recovery”. It was substantiated that the lack of significant results in the process is due to failures in management, rather than technical, economic, or legal problems. The results can be useful for improving strategies of residential development safety, as well as for fostering a more conscious approach to the problem by the state and society.

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Aggregates recycled from construction sites may exhibit slightly inferior characteristics compared to natural aggregates in terms of porosity, friability, and variability. However, it must be acknowledged that although recycled aggregates are currently used only in small proportions for manufacturing concrete, their usage is steadily increasing. It is now widely recognised that the reuse of recycled aggregates in mortar and concrete significantly contributes to the preservation of alluvial aggregates. The valorisation of recycled aggregates in concrete and mortar offers a clear economic advantage in the construction sector. Indeed, the reuse of materials from demolition could be envisaged directly on site or at construction waste recycling and treatment platforms. Additionally, it should be noted that to date, there is no specific standard for measuring the water absorption of recycled aggregates. Regarding the physical properties, the estimation of the absorption kinetics of the recycled aggregates has proved necessary. Moreover, other equally important measurements must be undertaken to determine all the other properties. The results obtained demonstrated that a good correlation exists between the substitution rate and the physical and mechanical properties of the prepared concrete. Furthermore, it was decided to vary the substitution rate of natural sand with recycled sand during the manufacture of concrete according to the following percentages: 25% recycled sand with 75% natural sand, and 50% recycled sand with 50% natural sand.

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This study, conducted in accordance with ASTM T321-14 standards, offers crucial insights into the behaviour of asphalt materials subjected to cyclic loading. For proper maintenance and pavement design, it is essential to understand the material response under different loading conditions. This study focuses on the four-point beam bending test to investigate the viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt pavement. The four-point beam bending test is a useful method for determining the material's ability to withstand cyclic loading and deformation, which the material experiences during field traffic conditions. The experimental setup involves subjecting asphalt samples to cyclic loading using a four-point bending apparatus. The imposed load causes the specimen to experience bending strains, representing the actual loading conditions that pavements endure. The data gathered during testing include stress, strain, and deformation properties under various loading conditions. The stress-strain response demonstrates the material's resilience to fatigue, with a gradual decrease in stiffness beyond 10,300 cycles. Fatigue failure criteria include a 50% reduction in initial stiffness for strain-controlled fatigue tests and cracking in stress-controlled tests. The dynamic modulus in a compressive-type, repeated load test follows a three-phase pattern, highlighting the impact of temperature and binder characterization methods on sample performance. The results provide information about the material's resilience to rutting and fatigue cracking, the most significant distresses indicated in asphalt pavements. The findings from this study contribute to an in-depth understanding of the viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt pavement and can aid in the development of improved design guidelines and maintenance strategies characterizing the material response to cyclic loading. Engineers and researchers can make better decisions on the durability and performance of asphalt pavements, resulting in more cost-effective and sustainable road infrastructure.

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The contemporary development of cities necessitates the implementation of modern systems, particularly with regard to the drainage of rainwater and melted snow from road surfaces. Due to the prevalent use of paved surfaces in urban areas, it is crucial to explore solutions that facilitate water retention at the point of occurrence. A key element is the use of biologically active surfaces. When designing specific solutions, it is vital to first review the current water and road regulations. An analysis based on these regulations was conducted to investigate the potential for increasing water retention in pedestrian buffer lanes in the Old Town area of Płock.

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The article discusses the use of waste tempered glass from damaged or decommissioned thermal solar collectors to produce polymer concretes. The waste underwent mechanical recycling to obtain powders of alternative grain sizes: below 2.0 mm and below 0.5 mm. To produce the polymer concrete, ground glass waste served as the fine fraction, and sandstone gravel as the coarse fraction. An epoxy resin acted as the binder for the resulting composite. The research conducted has demonstrated that glass waste from solar collectors can be successfully utilised as a fine fraction in polymer concrete technologies. It was observed that there are no significant differences between the grains at 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm, and both fractions yield the desired results. The resulting polymer concretes are characterised by high mechanical strength, significantly surpassing the properties of typical cement concretes. The compressive strength is at 110.7 MPa, and the flexural strength is at 41.2 MPa. The proposed recycling method allows for the effective management of waste that is difficult to reuse on an industrial scale.

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The development of the construction industry has led to increased requirements for the operational properties of building materials in general and concrete in particular. Although concrete is designed primarily to withstand structural loads, it must also resist environmental influences to increase its durability. This article presents the results of the influence of the components of protective coatings on the hydro-physical properties of concrete. The edge wetting angle in concrete with a protective coating ranges from 95 to 101 degrees, which is about twice that of uncoated concrete. The mass of concrete under the influence of hygroscopic moisture increases, and after 30 days of exposure, it is 1.1–1.6 wt. % compared to 5.7–5.8 wt. % for control samples. The minimum increase (1.1–1.2 wt. %) is achieved when using coatings with the largest amount of heat-resistant varnish KO-08. The water absorption of the developed coating compositions decreases after 30 days of being in water from 5.2 to 1.6–2.2 wt. % for C20/25 concrete. Low temperatures negatively affect the hydrophysical properties of protective coatings, but only slightly. It has been found that water absorption increases by approximately 20%.

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One of the important issues in the process of real estate expropriation is defining the group of entities entitled to compensation. This arises from the undetermined legal status of properties, limited rights in rem, claims by banks and bailiffs, and the lack of inheritance proceedings determining the current circle of owners. Another difficulty is the lack of precise legal norms and inconsistent jurisprudence. The aim of the study is to identify the problems related to determining the group of entities entitled to compensation for real estate expropriated by law based on the decision granting permission for the implementation of a road investment. The research thesis is that the legal norms regulating compensation need to be supplemented to streamline and standardise the processes of determining compensation for real estate expropriated for road investments.