Numer 18/2 (2019)
Redaktor: Wojciech Franus
Spis treści
Strony
Pobierz
Katarzyna Kowal
The Borobudur temple: the Buddhist architecture in Indonesia. History, structure, symbolism and conservation. Influence on the contemporary Indonesian culture
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.550
5 – 19
PDF

Słowa kluczowe

Buddhist architecture |Borobudur Temple |Buddhist cosmology |Buddhist symbolism |three - dimensional mandala

Streszczenie

The article presents the current state of knowledge about the Borobudur temple, a valuable representative of Buddhist architecture, located in Java, Indonesia. The author presents the genesis of the temple, the facts concerning its rediscovery after centuries of oblivion, and Buddhist cosmology embodied in the form of a three-dimensional mandala on which the architectural form of Borobudur is based. The author studies Buddhist symbolism of the architectural form, reliefs and sculptures created on the basis of regional patterns and local Javanese culture of everyday life. This temple is one of the most perfect examples of translation of Buddhist cosmology and symbolism into an architectural form. At the same time, it constitutes an intercultural and timeless masterpiece of architecture and sculpture which requires particular protection, also due to the influence it exerts on the life of local Buddhist religious minorities.


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Politechnika Białostocka

Piotr Gleń,
Karol Krupa
Comparative analysis of the inventory process using manual measurements and laser scanning
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.552
21 – 30
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Słowa kluczowe

historic objects |laser scanning |point cloud |measurement methods |architectural inventory

Streszczenie

Laser scanning allows the acquiring of spatial data about existing objects. It is used as a modern inventory technique, most often in the creation of archival or conservation documentation. It gives the opportunity to obtain a very large amount of spatial data of the facility thus helping to improve operations in the field of conservation but also reduces the margin of error in the inventory and then design documentation. It is useful due to the growing BIM technology, through which three-dimensional models of existing objects of various scales are obtained. This article presents research comparing the traditional measurement method and the modern one with the use of a laser scanner. The research is a compilation of the duration of architectural inventory techniques as well as the accuracy of the measurements made and of the following architectural drawings. The result of the research is a relative percentage ratio showing the acceleration of inventory works with a simple construction object using modern assistive techniques compared to the traditional method.


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Piotr Gleń
Politechnika Lubelska


Karol Krupa
Politechnika Lubelska

Kamila Lucyna Boguszewska
Municipal gardens as the synergic element of the structure of selected towns of Lublin region
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.553
31 – 45
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Słowa kluczowe

municipal park |garden architecture |the Lublin region |the 19th/20th century

Streszczenie

Planning of municipal gardens as the integral part of urban landscape in the Lublin region was typified by the activity of the outstanding garden planners: engineer Feliks Bieczyński and Walerian Kronenberg. This movement to create public, municipal green areas commenced in 19th century and continued with success during the inter-war period. This process took place in the big cities of Lublin, Zamość or Lubartów. Newly established public gardens were usually located on the outskirts of the city as for example, Park Saski (1837), Ogród Bronowicki (the Bronowicki Garden) - formerly called the Foksal Park in Lublin, or Park Miejski im. Jana Kanclerza Zamoyskiego (the Zamoyski Municipal Park - 1926) located in the former fortification area in Zamość. The situation in smaller cities such as Lubartów, Radzyń Podlaski (1755, planner: Jakub Fontana) and Kock (planner: Szymon Bogumił Zug) was slightly different. The former garden complex adjacent to the magnate residence served a key role in the urban structure of the settlement (thus, determining its development) was later adapted to the function of a municipal park.

The article describes three selected garden complexes. The spatial relations of the parks in the context of their urban structure are analysed. The article takes into account their contemporary use and the state of preservation of their historic elements as presented in the original composition as presented in historic images and maps.Planning of municipal gardens as the integral part of urban landscape in the Lublin region was typified by the activity of the outstanding garden planners: engineer Feliks Bieczyński and Walerian Kronenberg. This movement to create public, municipal green areas commenced in 19th century and continued with success during the inter-war period. This process took place in the big cities of Lublin, Zamość or Lubartów. Newly established public gardens were usually located on the outskirts of the city as for example, Park Saski (1837), Ogród Bronowicki (the Bronowicki Garden) - formerly called the Foksal Park in Lublin, or Park Miejski im. Jana Kanclerza Zamoyskiego (the Zamoyski Municipal Park - 1926) located in the former fortification area in Zamość. The situation in smaller cities such as Lubartów, Radzyń Podlaski (1755, planner: Jakub Fontana) and Kock (planner: Szymon Bogumił Zug) was slightly different. The former garden complex adjacent to the magnate residence served a key role in the urban structure of the settlement (thus, determining its development) was later adapted to the function of a municipal park.

The article describes three selected garden complexes. The spatial relations of the parks in the context of their urban structure are analysed. The article takes into account their contemporary use and the state of preservation of their historic elements as presented in the original composition as presented in historic images and maps.


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Politechnika Lubelska

Jerzy Szołomicki,
Hanna Golasz-Szołomicka
Technological Advances in Japan’s High-Rise Buildings
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.554
47 – 71
PDF

Słowa kluczowe

core structure |damping system |high-rise buildings

Streszczenie

The architectural and structural analysis of selected high-rise buildings in Japan is presented in this paper. Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya have the largest share in development of high-rise buildings. Those cities are very densely populated and moreover they are located in one of the most active seismic zones. The combination of these factors has resulted in the creation of sophisticated designs and innovative engineering solutions, especially in the field of design and construction of high-rise buildings. The foreign architectural studios (Jean Nouvel, Kohn Pedesen Associates, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill) which specialize in the designing of skyscrapers, played a major role in the development of technological ideas and architectural forms for such extraordinary engineering structures. Among the projects completed by them, there are examples of high-rise buildings that set precedents for future development. An essential aspect which influences the design of high-rise buildings is the necessity to take into consideration their dynamic reaction to earthquakes and counteracting wind vortices. The need to control motions of these buildings, induced by the force coming from earthquakes and wind, led to the development of various methods and devices for dissipating energy during such phenomena. Currently, Japan is a global leader in seismic technologies which safeguard seismic influence on high-rise structures. Due to these achievements the most modern skyscrapers in Japan are able to withstand earthquakes with a magnitude of over seven degrees at the Richter scale. Applied damping devices applied are of a passive type, which do not require additional power supply or active type which need the input of extra energy. In recent years also hybrid dampers were used, with an additional active element to improve the efficiency of passive damping.


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Jerzy Szołomicki
Politechnika Wrocławska


Hanna Golasz-Szołomicka
Politechnika Wrocławska

Marta Kruk
The impact of artistic circles on the way of using and arrangement apartments in multi-family residential buildings in Poland in the 1950s and 1960s. Part I - Development of Architectural Project Ideas
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.558
73 – 92
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Słowa kluczowe

the use of the apartment |upgrades of modern housing |the factors affecting the use of housing

Streszczenie

This article (part I) presents the activities of artistic circles - architects - and their impact on the ways of using and arrangement of the living area. The way of using apartment is understood as: 1) The way of arranging basic living functions by inhabitants (sleeping, resting, preparing and eating meals, receiving guests, studying, personal hygiene); 2) The relationships between inhabitants and an apartment dependent on education, occupational structure, origin, life style, inherited cultural patterns, fashion as well as a group of physical characteristics and apartment attributes); 3) The rights of family members to use the apartment space, including the right to intimacy and having own private space, as well as the representative needs.
The aim of this article is to show the evolution of design thinking in the field of functional and spatial layouts of apartments and indicating the main trends of these changes. The selected functional layouts of apartments (including the remarks of the author of the design), representative of the given period of time, have been analyzed with respect to social and political conditions. In summary, the most important tendencies, which may be observed in respect of discussed changes, have been indicated. These include: expanding the living-room area of the apartment by designing a kitchen closer to the living-room or even combining a kitchen with a living-room; the differentiated approach to the issues of creating sleeping areas due to the understanding of children’s individual needs to have their own living space; the concern to upgrade the quality of hygiene in an apartment - by creating separate restrooms and designing bathrooms with a space for a washing machine.


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Politechnika Białostocka

Tomasz Zybała
The wooden rafter framing of Żuławy arcaded houses of type III - research, state of preservation and analysis
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.564
93 – 110
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Słowa kluczowe

arcaded houses |timber roof structure |carpentry joints

Streszczenie

Historic arcaded houses of the delta of the Vistula were the subject of great interest of many researchers, but their work was focused mainly on historical-architectural aspects. There are no publications which would focus on details and comprehensive analyses of construction systems for this group of historic buildings. The article is the result of field research, archival query and calculations made by the author. The paper analyses the rafter framing constructions of the preserved arcaded houses of type III. The author has prepared a list of construction elements of roofs, carpentry joints, rafter inclination angles and described the state of preservation of roof structure. The paper also includes calculations of the average volume construction material of the roof structure per square meter of roof slope plan.


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Politechnika Gdańska

Agnieszka Kłopotowska
Architecture and sounds the interdisciplinary research on the use of audio signals in the cognition and design of architectural space
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.566
111 – 119
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Słowa kluczowe

extra - visual perception |sound space |audiosphere |multi-sensory design

Streszczenie

In the contemporary world of image, the basic attribute of architecture is its visuality. Architectural spaces are designed primarily to be viewed by the public or the "eyes" of cameras. The design for the sense of sight only impoverishes the quality of human contact with architecture. The art of shaping space should involve all perception channels. One of the most important senses, allowing to feel the created space, to get to know it and live in it, is hearing. The sonic image of architectural space not only accompanies the visual image, but also significantly defines the quality of existential and aesthetic experiences. The architect's task should be to skilfully use acoustic signals as an integral part of the design process. This belief has inspired a multidisciplinary project entitled: "Sounds of architecture", devoted to the study of the phenomenon of sound and its significance in the perception and use of the architectural environment by people. This project was carried out under the guidance of the author in 2014-2015 with the involvement of representatives of various disciplines of science and art. The result of interdisciplinary research was the monograph "Sounds of Architecture", published in 2016.


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Politechnika Białostocka

Monika Trojanowska
Assessment of therapeutic qualities of ten public parks in Bydgoszcz
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.559
121 – 143
PDF

Słowa kluczowe

architecture |urban design |health-affirming urban places |health-affirming urban landscapes

Streszczenie

This paper presents a binary rough assessment of ten public parks in Bydgoszcz, followed by a detailed assessment of one of them – Dolina Pięciu Stawów. The assessment was conducted using the universal pattern of design for health-affirming urban landscapes. The binary rough assessment results were satisfactory and similar for all parks. The results of the assessments indicated areas for possible improvement and can be used by the designers and inhabitants as justification for amendments. The major advantages of selected parks were qualities of space for mental and physical regeneration while the major deficiencies resulted from a lack of recreational equipment for various age groups and limited opportunities for social contacts. There were no major discrepancies and the fact that the rough assessment showed only little variation depending on the size of parks is proof of its limitation. This subjectivity of the rough evaluation was mitigated by a detailed assessment of Dolina Pięciu Stawów. This evaluation indicated further areas for improvement. The universal pattern of design for health-affirming urban places can be used as a ready-to-use tool.


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Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich w Bydgoszczy

Politechnika Lubelska
https://ph.pollub.pl/index.php/bia/index
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ISSN 1899-0665